After inserting 3 or more hard drives, a USB exception is triggered, causing the Mac system to crash and automatically restart.

Troubleshooting steps already attempted (all ineffective):
Replacing the USB-C data cable;
Replacing with a 120W power adapter;
Adding a USB hub with independent power supply.

Applicable Models

D4-320

It is recommended to troubleshoot item by item in the following order to locate the root cause:
Step 1: Verify whether the hard drives themselves are normal
Insert only one hard drive and test whether the Mac can recognize it stably.
Test different hard drives individually to rule out the possibility of a faulty or incompatible drive.
Step 2: Verify whether each drive slot is normal
Using the same known-good hard drive, insert it into each slot (slots 1~4) one at a time for individual testing.
Observe whether any specific slot fails to recognize the hard drive or causes system anomalies, to determine if there is a hardware fault in a particular slot.